Aldehydes and Ketones
Topics Covered:-
- Aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
- Introduction, nomenclature and isomerism
- Preparation of aldehydes and ketones from: Dehydrogenation and oxidation of alcohol, Ozonolysis of alkenes, Acid chloride, Gem dihaloalkane, Catalytic hydration of alkynes
- Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones
- Chemical properties
- Structure and nature of carbonyl group
- Distinction between aldehyde and ketones by using 2,4- DNP reagent, Tollen’s reagent, Fehling’s solution 13.1.4.3 Addition reaction: addition of H2, HCN and NaHSO3
- Action of aldehyde and ketone with ammonia derivatives; NH2OH, NH2-NH2, phenyl hydrazine, semicarbazide,
- Aldol condensation
- Cannizzaro’s reaction
- Clemmensen’s reduction
- Wolf-Kishner reduction
- Action with PCl5 and action with LiAlH4
- Action of methanal with ammonia and phenol
- Formalin and its uses
- Aromatic aldehydes and Ketones
- Preparation of benzaldehyde from toluene and acetophenone from benzene
- Properties of benzaldehyde
- Perkin condensation
- Benzoin condensation
- Cannizzaro’s reaction
- Electrophilic substitution reaction
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Notes By: Bikash Pandeya
